.. _Dump Utilities:
==============
Dump Utilities
==============
Stack Dumps
-----------
Stack dumps can be generated with the command
:command:`.s`. The standard does not specify,
how the output has to be formatted. There is an
assembly version available intended for core
development. This means that numbers are printed
as unsigned (hex is highly recommended) and the TOS
is on the left hand side. This makes it easy to get
the most important information easily and the numbers
are quickly found in memory dumps and the assembler
LST and MAP files.
.. code-block:: console
> -1 -2 -3 .s
65533 65534 65535 ok
> hex .s
FFFD FFFE FFFF ok
>
Many other Forth's and the various books use another
stack dump format. It uses signed numbers and
places the TOS on the right side. This can be
achieved with the following definition, kindly
provided by Enoch on the mailing list:
.. code-block:: forth
: .s ( -- ) \ stack picture listing order
depth
begin dup while dup pick . 1- repeat
drop
;
The output looks like:
.. code-block:: console
> -1 -2 -3 .s
-1 -2 -3 ok
>
Other stack dumps are kindly provided by Erich:
.. code-block:: forth
\ variations on dot-s
\ dot-s, one way, signed output:
: ds sp@ sp0 1 cells - do i @ . -2 +loop ;
\ dot-s, one way, unsigned output:
: uds sp@ sp0 1 cells - do i @ u. -2 +loop ;
\ dot-s, the other way (reverse?), signed output:
: rs sp@ sp0 swap do i @ . 2 +loop ;
\ dot-s, the other way, unsigned output:
: urs sp@ sp0 swap do i @ u. 2 +loop ;
\ dot-s, verbose, as it used to be in earlier versions of amforth:
: dsv depth dup 0 do i u. dup i -
cells sp0 swap - dup u. @ . cr loop ;
: udsv depth dup 0 do i u. dup i -
cells sp0 swap - dup u. @ u. cr loop ;
Memory Dumps
------------
Atmegas have three different memory address spaces. Each
region has its own dump utility
:command:`dump`
Standard Memory. Every Address unit has 8 bits.
.. code-block:: console
> $180 $20 dump
0180 36 30 31 33 33 02 87 75 F4 6D 74 26 8F 63 A3 CD 601CD..u.mt&.c..
0190 44 AB FC D7 3D DA D7 16 59 EB 3F AF 76 F2 27 3F D...=...Y.?.v.'?
ok
:command:`edump`
EEPROM. Similar to RAM, every address unit has 8 bits, but since
it used on a cell (16 bits) basis, the display uses this number width:
.. code-block:: console
> 0 $30 edump
0000 - FFFF 0EA3 0121 0052 0CC7 3B65 0019 0B2B ....!.R...e;..+.
0010 - 0014 0014 0E66 0001 0014 FFFF FFFF FFFF ....f...........
0020 - FFFF FFFF FFFF FFFF 0000 0000 085F 080F ............_...
ok
:command:`idump`
Flash. Unlike the other memories, flash has 16 bits per address unit:
.. code-block:: console
> $dc0 $20 idump
0DC0 - 3830 0DC5 38D0 3837 002E 381A FF05 322E 08...878...8...2
0DC8 - 6568 0078 0DAB 3800 3B23 02D5 02DD 02DD hex....8#;......
0DD0 - 02FF 0430 381A FF05 342E 6568 0078 0DC6 ..0..8...4hex...
0DD8 - 3800 3B23 02D5 02DD 02DD 02DD 02DD 02FF .8#;............
ok
Note that the dump commands use the current BASE value to display
the numeric values. A simple solution is to use :command:`base-execute`
to temporarily change BASE
.. code-block:: forth
> : hex-idump ['] idump $10 base-execute ;
> $dc0 $20 hex-idump
displays the Flash memory as above always in HEX but leaves the
BASE value unchanged.