Dallas 1-Wire Devices

Dallas 1-Wire devices use 1 wire (besides ground level) to connect a peripheral device with the hostmaster. A common use case are the temperature sensors DS18[S|B]20. The communication protocol between the device and the micro controller is simple but at some points very timing sensible.

The typical wiring is shown in the picture. The pull up resistor is recommended as well as the connection to VCC.

This recipe is based upon work from Brad Rodriguez for the 4€4th project. He split the 1-wire module into two parts: a bit level layer for all the dirty, time critical work with only 2 small assembly words, and all other stuff in portable forth code. Despite the fact, that he uses another controller type, the forth code remained almost the same.

To use the 1-wire module new AmForth hexfiles have to be created with the file drivers/1wire.asm included into your project master file (e.g. template.asm) All configuration is done with 2 constants that are set in the same file. They define, which pin is connected to the 1-wire bus. There are no defaults

; Port and Pin for the 1-wire bus.
.equ OW_BIT=4
.equ OW_PORT=PORTE

.include "drivers/1wire.asm"

After burning the new system into the controller, two new words are available: 1w.reset and 1w.slot. The 1w.reset reinitializes the 1-wire bus and gives a flag, whether at least one device is present or not. It would not make much sense to continue, if no device is recognized.

: 1wirejob ... 1w.reset if
    do-the-job
  then ... ;

The 1w.slot writes the LSB to the 1-wire bus and reads one bit back, if a 1 was written. It turns off all interrupts for approx 60 microseconds to achieve the correct timing. The lower byte of the TOS is rotated so repeated calls to 1w.slot can transfer all bits of a bytes without further code. It is probably the smartest word of the whole package.

: 1w.touch ( c1 -- c2 )
    1w.slot 1w.slot 1w.slot 1w.slot
    1w.slot 1w.slot 1w.slot 1w.slot ;

: 1w.put ( c -- ) 1w.touch drop ;
: 1w.get ( -- c ) $ff 1w.touch ;

1-Wire Tools

The first useful tool is the low level 1w.reset. It checks whether at least one 1-wire device is present and working or not. Other useful tools are in the file 1wire.frt. They perform a ROM search to print all ROM id’s of the connected devices.

(ATmega1280)> hex 1w.showids

 10 11 E5 68  2  8  0 2A
 28 4C 75 CC  2  0  0 CD
ok
(ATmega1280)>

Code specialized for temperature sensors is in the file 1wire-temp.frt. Keep in mind, that at least 2 different sensor types are available with different result encoding’s. The code is not currently capable to take care of the differences.

> hex create sensor2 28 , 4C , 75 , CC , 2 , 0 , 0 , CD ,
ok
> decimal sensor2 1w.convert 750 ms sensor2 readtemp temp>pad pad count type
18.0 ok
>

Possible Improvements

The module opens the door to the 1-wire world. It is by far not complete or finished. Some things could (or should?) be done better. Feel free to improve them and share them, please.